What is Namespace and Use keyword in drupal 8 module?

Namespace: Namespace is a way of Organizing your classes into folder and ensure that your class does not conflict with another class with the same name because the class can be same but namespace will be unique.

Use Keyword: use keyword allows you to use classes from another namespaces when you need them.

Drupal 8 generally use PHP classes instead of functions. Two classes can have same name in different namespace. Namespace is way of organize the classes into folders and subfolders and the namespace as the path of the file.

If you will try the same name file with the same name in same folder, you will get the fetal error. but if you want to create the same name file then you have to create subfolder and put there.

Get the example of namespaces with create module.

1. Start the custom module with create directory name like 'testing'.
2. Now create 'info.yml' file. That file tells Drupal that your module exist and have some content/information.

The filename should be the machine name of your module with .info.yml extension, like testing is our module name so here name will be 'testing.info.yml'.
File content:
    name: Testing
    description: A custom module to build our Drupal 8 module
    package: Custom
    type: module
    version: 1.0
    core: 8.x
   
3. Some modules have controllers, plugins, forms, templates, test all are in src folder. So now we will create the src required folder.
4. Now we need a page controller for show the content output with these simple steps:
  a. Create src folder.
  b. now create Controller folder under the src folder.
  c. within the Controller folder , create file with name of 'TestingController.php'.
In the 'TestingController.php' file we will print our short message for testing.

    /**
     * @file
     * Contains \Drupal\testing\Controller\TestingController.
     */
    namespace Drupal\testing\Controller;
    
    use Drupal\Core\Controller\ControllerBase;
    
    class TestingController extends ControllerBase {
      public function content() {
        return array(
          '#type' => 'markup',
          '#markup' => t('Hello, we are here for testing.'),
        );
      }
    } 
 
Here the namespace has been defined as Drupal\testing\Controller. We will not here use full folder structure like ->  Drupal\modules\testing\src\Controller

here modules\src is silent from namespace and Drupal automatically mapped with namespace src folder, so that we have to follow standard folder structure of modules.

If we have to use TestingController class in different namespace then we have to include with 'use keyword' as its namespace -> use Drupal\testing\Controller\TestingController;

TestingController is extending another class called ControllerBase. So for get the classes, include ControllerBase with use statement -> use Drupal\Core\Controller\ControllerBase;

If use statement are not included then PHP will looking for ControllerBase and gives error.
"So use statement allows you to use classes from another namespace."

5. Now we have to create important file with name of 'routing.yml'. here the name will be 'testing.routing.yml' that will create in custom module root.

    testing.content:
      path: '/testing'
      defaults:
        _controller: 'Drupal\testing\Controller\TestingController::content'
        _title: 'Hello Tester'
      requirements:
        _permission: 'access content'
       
so now enable the module and clear the cache then go with the path '/testing' and get the output form controller.
       

Note: What is Namespace and Use keyword in drupal 8 module?

How to avoid Core CSS and JS from theme in drupal 8?

Sometimes we just want to render our custom css/js, and avoid globally rendered core css or js from every page. So we have to follow given below steps:

Step 1: First go to your theme ".info.yml" file.
Step 2: Then add "stylesheets-remove:" parameter and add css file path of all core files like,
Example: Theme file name is "account.info.yml".
then we just have to add 'stylesheets-remove:' for avoid under write files there..

stylesheets-remove:
  - core/themes/stable/css/system/components/autocomplete-loading.module.css
  - core/themes/stable/css/system/components/ajax-progress.module.css
  - core/themes/stable/css/system/components/align.module.css
 
Step 3: Clear full cache of project.

So this is the easy way to avoid core file from project pages.


Note: How to remove globally CSS from theme of project in drupal 8?

How to display records in custom module with pagination?

It is simple to display record/data from database in drupal 8 with pagination, here we are going to explain by example with some simple steps:
Step 1:
Create a folder with name of "gpcustom", this is our custom module name. Now create a file "gpcustom.info.yml" for create identity of module.
and the code for this file is..

name: Student Records
description: 'Display student records'
type: module
core: 8.x

Step 2:
Create a file with name of "gpcustom.routing.yml", here we are going to declare routing means path for display record page.
and the code for this file is..

google_feeds_list:
  path: 'student/record'
  defaults:
    _controller: '\Drupal\gpcustom\Controller\gpcustomController::student_record'
    _title: 'Student Records'
  requirements:
    _permission: 'access content'   
   
// _controller: '\Drupal\gpcustom\Controller\gpcustomController::student_record'  means '\Drupal\gpcustom\Controller\viewController' is file path for function and 'student_record' is the function name.   
// _permission: 'access content' means anybody can access this page without login.
// path: 'student/record' means display record page url.
// _title: 'Student Records' means title of page.

Step 3:
Create a folder with this hierarchy '\src\Controller\' and file with name of "gpcustomController.php".
and the code for this file is..
<?php
namespace Drupal\gpcustom\Controller;
use Drupal\Core\Controller\ControllerBase;
use Drupal\Core\Database\Database;
use Drupal\Core\Url;

/**
 * Class DisplayTableController.
 *
 * @package Drupal\gpcustom\Controller
 */
class gpcustomController extends ControllerBase {

  /**
   * Returns a render-able array for a test page.
   */
  public function student_record() {
    //create table header
         $header = array(
         'id'=> t('SrNo'),
         'name' => t('Candidate Name'),
         'mobile' => t('Mobile Number'),
         'email' => t('Email ID'),
         'age' => t('Age'),
         'gender' => t('Gender'),
         'opt' => t('operations'),
         );

    //select records from table
    $query = \Drupal::database()->select('mydata', 'm');
    $query->fields('m', ['id','name','mobilenumber','email','age','gender']);
    $pager = $query->extend('Drupal\Core\Database\Query\PagerSelectExtender')->limit(3);
      // The actual action of sorting the rows is here.
    $table_sort = $query->extend('Drupal\Core\Database\Query\TableSortExtender')
            ->orderByHeader($header);
    $result = $pager->execute();
    $rows=array();
    foreach($result as $data){
        if ($data->id != 0 && $data->id != 1) {
   
        $operate = '<a href="/drupaladvance/mydata/form/mydata?num='.$data->id.'">Edit</a>|<a href="/drupaladvance/mydata/form/delete/'.$data->id.'">delete</a>';
        //print the data from table
         $rows[$data->id] = array(
             'id' =>$data->id,
             'name' => $data->name,
             'mobile' => $data->mobilenumber,
             'email' => $data->email,
             'age' => $data->age,
             'gender' => $data->gender,
             'operation' => t($operate),
           
         );
        }
    }
        //display data in site
         $form['table'] = [
         '#type' => 'table',
         '#header' => $header,
     '#rows' => $rows,
     '#empty' => t('No users found'),
     ];
      // Finally add the pager.
        $form['pager'] = array(
          '#type' => 'pager'
      );
     return $form;

    }
}
?>
So that's all for display data by csutom module in drupal 8, now clear the cache and goto the modules page '/admin/modules' and find by name your module and enable it.
and go to the URL which we decide in '.routing.yml' file.

Note: If have any suggestions or issue regarding 'How to display records in custom module with pagination?' then you can ask by comments. 

How to Create Custom Block and Render on template in drupal 8?

Here we are discussing simple concept for create custom Block and render on template. Just simple Steps, Please follow this.

1. We have to create folder under "/modules/custom/herobanner".
2. Inside this 'myblock' folder have to create 'info.yml' file like..

Example:
herobanner.info.yml
name: Hero Banner
type: module
description: Homepage hero banner.
core: '8.x'
package: Custom
dependencies:
  - block

 
3. Then we have to create one more folder like "/modules/herobanner/src/Plugin/Block" and create file in this folder with name of "HerobannerBlock.php".

There we will mention "Annotation meta data", that will allow us to identify the Block.
Here "HerobannerBlock" class will contain 4 methods:
build(), blockAccess(), blockForm(), blockSubmit()

4. Now we will start code in "HerobannerBlock.php" file.

<?php

namespace Drupal\herobanner\Plugin\Block;

use Drupal\Core\Access\AccessResult;
use Drupal\Core\Block\BlockBase;
use Drupal\Core\Form\FormStateInterface;
use Drupal\Core\Session\AccountInterface;
use Drupal\Core\Link;

/**
 * Provides a 'Banner' Block
 *
 * @Block(
 *   id = "banner_block",
 *   admin_label = @Translation("Banner block"),
 * )
 */

class HerobannerBlock extends BlockBase {
  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  public function build() {
    return [
      '#markup' => $this->t('This is a custom block example.'),
    ];
  }

  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  protected function blockAccess(AccountInterface $account) {
    return AccessResult::allowedIfHasPermission($account, 'access content');
  }

  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  public function blockForm($form, FormStateInterface $form_state) {
    $config = $this->getConfiguration();

    return $form;
  }

  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  public function blockSubmit($form, FormStateInterface $form_state) {
    $this->configuration['herobanner_settings'] = $form_state->getValue('herobanner_settings');
  }
}


Example:
namespace Drupal\herobanner\Plugin\Block;

use Drupal\Core\Access\AccessResult;
use Drupal\Core\Block\BlockBase;
use Drupal\Core\Form\FormStateInterface;
use Drupal\Core\Session\AccountInterface;
use Drupal\Core\Link;

/**
 * Provides a 'Banner' Block
 *
 * @Block(
 *   id = "banner_block",
 *   admin_label = @Translation("Banner block"),
 * )
 */

class HerobannerBlock extends BlockBase {
  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  public function build() {
  /**
   * Read homepage_banner_products homepage_hero_banner
   */
    $query = \Drupal::entityQuery('taxonomy_term');
    $query->condition('vid', "homepage_banner_products");   
    $query->sort('weight','ASC');
    $tids = $query->execute();
       
    $homepage_banner_products_terms = \Drupal\taxonomy\Entity\Term::loadMultiple($tids);
    $i=0;
    $product_slider = '';
    foreach ($homepage_banner_products_terms as $term) {   
                
        $product_image_path = $term->field_image->entity->getFileUri();   
        $img_url = file_create_url($product_image_path);
        $product_image = $term->get('field_image')->getValue();
        $prdct_alt = $product_image[0]['alt'];
        $new_window = $term->get('field_open_in_new_window')->getValue();
        $target = (isset($new_window[0]) && $new_window[0]['value'] == 1)?'target="_blank"':'';               
       
        $enddate = $term->get('field_end_date')->getValue();       
       
        $curdate = date('Y-m-d');
        if($enddate >= $curdate){
        $active_class = ($i == 0)?'active':'';       
          
            $product_slider.='<div class="item '.$active_class.'">
                                <div class="item-inner">
                                    <h2>'.$term->name->value.'</h2>
                                    <div class="productthumb"><img src="'.$img_url.'" alt="'.$prdct_alt.'"></div>
                                    '.$term->description->value.'
                                    <a href="'.$term->field_title->value.'" '.$target.' class="linkBtn mdhbanner">'.$term->field_support_option_title->value.'<span class="icon-icon_link"></span></a>
                                </div>
                            </div>';       
       
            $i++;   
           
        }
    }
   
    $html = '<div class="arc-container layer-3 layer" data-depth=".5" data-type="parallax">
            <div class="arc-circle">
                <div class="featuredproduct">
                    <div class="pop-scroll-outer">
                        <div class="pop-scroll">
                            <div class="slidercontrol">
                                <a type="button" class="slick-prev slickbutton carousel-control" href="javascript:void(0)">
                                    <span class="icon-icon_link icon-flip" href="#myCarousel" data-slide="prev"></span>
                                </a>
                                <strong>Featured Products</strong> <span class="num"></span>
                                <a type="button" class="slick-next slickbutton carousel-control" href="javascript:void(0)">
                                    <span class="icon-icon_link" href="#myCarousel" data-slide="next"></span>
                                </a>

                            </div>

                            <div id="myCarousel" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel" data-interval="false">
                                <div class="carousel-inner">
                                    '.$product_slider.'
                                </div>
                            </div>
                        </div>

                    </div>
                    <!--Featured Product-->
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>';
   
    return array(
      '#markup' => $this->t($html),
    );
  }
}

?>

Now we have to install and Enable our module and then clear the cache.

Place Block

Choose Block

And Pass the 'id' of your Block in this function..

Syntax: {{ drupal_block('myblock_id') }}

Example: {{ drupal_block('banner_block') }}

After this clear the cache and get the result.


Note: If have any suggestions or issue regarding 'How to Create Custom Block and Render on template in drupal 8?' then you can ask by comments.